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2003年第四篇

2023-09-09 07:55| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

【考研英语】【阅读精翻】2003年第四篇阅读

2003年   Text 4

paragraph1

1. It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. 

 

It(形式主语) is said(谓语) that(that引导的主语从句) in England(从句状语1) death(从句主语) is pressing(从句谓语), in Canada(并列状语2)【此处省略death is】 inevitable(从句谓语) and(连接并列成分) in California(并列状语3)【此处省略death is】 optional(从句谓语). 

 

pressing   adj.难以推却的,不可忽视的

inevitable   adj.不可避免的

optional   adj.可选择的

 

翻译:据说在英国,死亡是不可忽视的,在加拿大是不可避免的,在加利福尼亚是可以选择的。

 

2. Small wonder.

 

【此处省略主谓 it is】Small wonder(宾语). 

 

wonder   n.惊奇,惊讶   【It is no/small/little wonder.  不足为奇,并不奇怪】

 

翻译:不足为奇。

 

 

3.  Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. 

 

Americans’ life expectancy(主语) has nearly doubled(谓语) over the past century(状语). 

 

life expectancy   n.预期寿命

 

翻译:美国人的预期寿命已经是上个世纪的近乎两倍了。

 

4. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. 

 

Failing hips(主语1) can be replaced(谓语), 【并列句】clinical depression(主语2)【此处省略can be】 controlled(谓语), cataracts(主语3)【此处省略can be】 removed (谓语)in a 30-minute surgical procedure(状语). 

 

failing   adj.出错误的

hip    n.髋骨

clinical   adj.临床的

depression   n.抑郁症

cataract   n.白内障

surgical   adj.外科的

procedure   n.程序,手术

 

翻译:出故障的髋关节可以被换掉,临床的抑郁症可以被控制,白内障可以在一个30分钟的手术里面被摘掉。

 

5. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. 

 

Such advances(主语) offer(谓语) the aging population(间接宾语) a quality(直接宾语) of life(定语修饰quality) that(that引导的定语从句修饰life) was(从句谓语) unimaginable(从句宾语) when(when引导的时间状语) I(从句主语) entered(从句谓语) medicine(从句宾语) 50 years ago(时间状语). 

 

advance   n.前进,发展

offer sb...sth  向某人提供某物

quality    n.质量,品质

unimaginable   adj.不可想象的

 

翻译:这样的进步给老年人提供了一个有质量的生活,是我50年前进入医学界的时候完全不能想象的。

 

6. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.

 

But not even a great health-care system(主语) can cure(谓语) death(宾语)—and(and连接的并列句) our failure(主语2) to(to引导的定语修饰failure) confront that reality now threatens(谓语2) this greatness of ours(宾语).

 

cure   v.治愈,治疗

failure   n.失败

threaten   v.威胁,恐吓

greatness  n.伟大

 

翻译:但是,即使一个好的医疗系统也不能治愈死亡,并且我们没有正确的面对这样的现实威胁到了我们医疗保健系统的伟大。

 

 

paragraph2

 

1. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. 

 

Death(主语) is(谓语) normal(宾语);【分号后另算一句】 we(主语) are genetically programmed(谓语) to disintegrate and perish(宾语), even under ideal conditions(状语). 

 

genetically    adv.基因上地

programmed    v.按..进行

disintegrate    v.衰弱,解体

perish   v.死亡

ideal    adj.理想的

 

翻译:死亡是正常的,基因决定了我们会衰弱并且死亡,即使是在理想状态下。

 

2. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. 

 

We(主语) all understand(谓语) that(宾语) at some level(状语), yet(yet连接的并列句) as medical consumers(状语) we(主语) treat(谓语) death(宾语) as a problem(宾补) to be solved(定语修饰problem). 

 

翻译:我们在某种角度都可以理解,但是作为一个医疗的消费者,我们还是把死亡作为一个可以解决的问题来治疗他。

 

3. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. 

 

Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care(非谓语动词做状语), we(主语) demand(谓语) everything(宾语) that(that引导的定语从句修饰everything) can possibly be done(从句谓语) for us(表对象), even if(even if引导的状语从句) it(主语)’s(谓语) useless(宾语). 

 

shield  v.保护,掩护

third-party   adj.第三方的

demand   v.要求,需要

even if   即使

useless  adj.无用的

 

翻译:我们治疗的成本是由第三方支付者保护的,就要求尽我们所能做到所有可以做到的事情,即使他是没用的。

 

4. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. 

 

The most obvious example(主语) is(谓语) late-stage cancer care(宾语). 

 

stage   n.阶段

cancer   n.癌症

 

翻译:最明显的例子就是癌症晚期的治疗。

 

5. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.

 

Physicians(主语)—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease(非谓语动词做插入语补充说明physician) and(and连接的并列插入语) fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer(谓语) aggressive treatment(宾语) far beyond(定语修饰treatment) what(what引导的beyond的宾语从句) is scientifically justified(从句谓语).

 

frustrate   v.沮丧

inability   adj.没有能力的,无能为力的

aggressive   adj.极端的,侵略的

 

翻译:医生会因为面对疾病时的无能为力而感到沮丧以及也害怕他的病人失去希望,所以会常常提供远比科学验证的治疗方法要极端很多的治疗方法。

 

 

paragraph3

 

1. In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. 

 

In 1950(时间状语), the US(主语) spent(谓语) $12.7 billion(宾语) on health care(状语). 

 

翻译:1950年,美国在医疗保健上花费了127亿美元。

 

2. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. 

 

In 2002(时间状语), the cost(主语) will be(谓语) $1,540 billion(宾语). 

 

翻译:2002年,这个成本增长到了1.54万亿美元。

 

3. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. 

 

Anyone(主语) can see(谓语)【此处省略引导see的宾语从句的引导词】 this trend(从句主语) is(从句谓语) unsustainable(从句宾语). 

 

trend   n.趋势

unsustainable   adj.不可持续的

 

翻译:任何人都知道这个趋势不能再持续下去了。

 

4. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. 

 

Yet few(主语) seem(谓语) willing(宾语) to try to reverse it(不定式做状语修饰willing). 

 

reverse   v.颠倒,逆转

 

翻译:但是很少有人乐意去试图扭转他。

 

5. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. 

 

Some scholars(主语) conclude(谓语) that(that引导的宾语从句) a government(从句主语) with finite resources(定语修饰government) should simply stop(从句谓语) paying for medical care(宾语) that(that引导的定语从句修饰care) sustains life(从句主语) beyond(从句谓语) a certain age(从句宾语)—say 83 or so(补充说明age). 

 

finite   adj.有限的

sustain   v.维持

or so   大约

 

翻译:一些学者认为:一个资源有限的政府应该停止为维持大约83岁以上的医疗保健花钱。

 

6. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.

 

Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm(主语) has been quoted(谓语) as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”(状语), so that(that引导的状语从句) younger, healthier people(从句主语) can realize(从句谓语) their potential(从句宾语).

 

infirm   adj.病弱的,体虚的

duty   n.责任,义务

get out to   避出,让开

potential   n.潜力,潜质

 

翻译:引用前科罗拉多州的州长的话:“老的体弱的人有责任去死亡并且让贤”。让更年轻,更健康的人可以意识到他们的潜力。

 

 

paragraph4

 

1. I would not go that far.  

 

I(主语) would not go(谓语) that far(副词修饰谓语).

 

翻译:我不会那么极端。

 

2. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. 

 

Energetic people(主语) now routinely(状语) work(谓语1) through their 60s and beyond(状语), and(and连接并列谓语) remain(谓语2) dazzlingly(状语) productive(宾语). 

 

routinely   adv.常规地

dazzlingly   adv.十分地

 

翻译:现在有精力的人们直到60岁都还在进行常规的工作,甚至更久,并且保持高效。

 

3. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. 

 

At 78(状语), Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone(主语) jokingly claims(谓语) to be 53(宾语). 

 

jokingly   adv.开玩笑地

 

翻译:在78岁时,V这个公司的总裁SR这个人,开玩笑的说是53岁。

 

4. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.

 

Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor(主语) is(谓语) in her 70s(宾语), and(and连接的并列句) former surgeon general C. Everett Koop(主语) chairs(谓语) an Internet start-up(宾语) in his 80s(状语).

 

chair    v.担任主席

start-up    adj.新成立的,新创办的

 

翻译:最高法院的法官SDO已经七十多岁了,前卫生部的部长CEK在他80多岁的时候担任了一家新成立的网络公司的总裁。

 

5.  These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.

 

These leaders(主语) are(谓语) living proof(宾语) that(that引导的同位语从句修饰proof) prevention(从句主语) works(从句谓语) and(and连接的并列同位语从句) that(that引导的同位语2) we(从句主语) can manage(从句谓语) the health problems(从句宾语) that(that引导的定语从句修饰health problem) come(从句谓语) naturally with age(状语).

 

living    adj.鲜活的

prevention     n.预防

 

翻译:这些领导者是活生生的例子,可以证明预防工作是有效的,也可以证明我们可以治疗随着年龄自然而然到来的健康问题。

 

6. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.

 

As a mere 68-year-old(状语), I(主语) wish(谓语) to age(宾语) as productively as(as引导的状语从句) they(从句主语) have(从句谓语).

 

翻译:作为一个仅仅只有68岁的人,我希望变老的时候可以像他们一样有效率。

 

 

paragraph5

 

1. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. 

 

Yet(转折词) there are(谓语)【there be句型】 limits(主语) to(to做定语修饰limit) what(what引导的to的宾语从句) a society(从句主语) can spend(从句谓语) in this pursuit(状语). 

 

limit   n.限制

pursuit   n.追求,诉求

 

翻译:但是,在这个诉求中,一个社会可以消耗的资源还是有限制的。

 

2. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. 

 

As a physician(状语), I(主语) know(谓语)【此处省略引导know的宾语从句的引导词】 the most costly and dramatic measures(从句主语) may be(从句谓语) ineffective and painful(从句宾语). 

 

ineffective   adj.无效的

 

翻译:作为一个医生,我知道最贵的最激进的治疗方法可能是无效且痛苦的。

 

3. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. 

 

I(主语) also know(谓语) that(that引导的know的宾语从句) people(从句主语) in Japan and Sweden(定语修饰people), countries(补充说明Japan and Sweden) that(that引导的定语从句修饰country) spend(从句谓语) far less(副词修饰spend) on medical care(状语), have achieved(从句谓语) longer, healthier lives(从句宾语) than(than引导的比较状语从句) we(从句主语) have(从句谓语). 

 

翻译:我也知道在日本和瑞典这样的在医疗保健上面花费远少于美国的国家中的人民已经实现了比我们更长更健康的生活。

 

4. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.

 

As a nation(状语), we(主语) may be overfunding(谓语) the quest(宾语) for unlikely cures(定语修饰quest) while(while引导的并列句)【此处省略we may be】 underfunding research on humbler therapies that(that引导的定语从句修饰therapy) could improve(从句谓语) people’s lives(从句宾语).

 

overfunding  adj.资金过多的

quest   n.寻求

underfunding  adj.资金过少的

humbler   原型humble  adj.平常的,简单实用的

therapy  n.治疗,疗法

 

翻译:作为一个国家,我们可能在寻求不可能的治疗方法上面花钱过多,在可以改善人们的生活的简单实用的治疗方法的研究上花钱过少。



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